Who is a net seller and who is a net buyer?

Across the 96 commodities with trade data, Australia has the largest combined surplus, $264.1 billion in 2024, and China the largest deficit, −$808.7 billion. For the median commodity, 83% of world export value comes from countries that sell more than they buy.

Net trade is a country's exports minus its imports of a commodity, by value. A country can be both a large exporter and a large importer of the same commodity (it re-exports, or it sells one grade and buys another), so gross rankings can hide who really supplies the rest of the world. "Balance" totals below add up each country's net position across the commodity lines tracked here, which is an indicator of its position in these commodities and not a national trade balance.

Countries with the largest balances

Countries with the largest combined net trade across the tracked commodities
Country	Combined balance	Net exporter of	Net importer of	Largest net exports	Largest net imports
China	−$808.7 billion	20	71	steel, plywood, silver	crude oil, iron ore, natural gas
India	−$268.4 billion	30	50	rice, shrimp, aluminum	crude oil, gold, coal
Australia	$264.1 billion	44	16	iron ore, coal, natural gas	urea, pork, coffee
Russia	$240.8 billion	34	31	crude oil, natural gas, coal	palm oil, bananas, coffee
Canada	$202.0 billion	33	41	crude oil, gold, natural gas	coffee, sugar, cocoa
Japan	−$180.3 billion	9	67	gold, steel, zinc	crude oil, natural gas, coal
Brazil	$170.4 billion	37	23	soybeans, crude oil, iron ore	natural gas, potash, coal
Saudi Arabia	$168.8 billion	8	47	crude oil, natural gas, urea	gold, steel, rice
South Korea	−$166.5 billion	5	54	steel, silver, zinc	crude oil, natural gas, coal
United Arab Emirates	$151.9 billion	12	46	crude oil, gold, natural gas	steel, chicken, sugar
Norway	$120.0 billion	13	7	natural gas, crude oil, salmon	manganese, fishmeal, avocados
United Kingdom	−$113.2 billion	13	61	nickel, salmon, palladium	gold, crude oil, natural gas
Iraq	$92.0 billion	2	18	crude oil, dates	rice, chicken, sugar
Italy	−$88.5 billion	12	64	cheese, apples, rice	crude oil, natural gas, gold
Germany	−$81.8 billion	17	67	gold, pork, potash	crude oil, natural gas, aluminum
Qatar	$68.6 billion	4	8	natural gas, crude oil, urea	iron ore, lamb, barley
Other Asia, nes	−$62.7 billion	6	38	steel, rice, pineapples	crude oil, natural gas, coal
South Africa	$62.5 billion	26	15	gold, chromium, coal	rice, palm oil, chicken
Netherlands	−$58.4 billion	18	55	cheese, pork, tomatoes	crude oil, natural gas, coal
Kazakhstan	$55.8 billion	25	6	crude oil, gold, copper	tomatoes, apples, grapes
Nigeria	$52.3 billion	9	6	crude oil, natural gas, cocoa	wheat, sugar, milk
Spain	−$50.7 billion	26	52	pork, olive oil, zinc	crude oil, natural gas, soybeans
Peru	$48.0 billion	26	8	copper, gold, grapes	corn, potash, cotton
France	−$47.9 billion	23	59	wheat, corn, sugar	crude oil, natural gas, gold
Singapore	−$46.7 billion	5	27	platinum, palm oil, natural rubber	crude oil, natural gas, gold
United States	$46.7 billion	29	62	natural gas, soybeans, coal	crude oil, aluminum, shrimp
Indonesia	$46.2 billion	25	26	coal, palm oil, copper	crude oil, gold, wheat
Malaysia	$43.1 billion	15	42	crude oil, palm oil, natural gas	coal, gold, cocoa
Oman	$42.3 billion	6	4	crude oil, natural gas, urea	milk, lamb, eggs
Thailand	−$39.9 billion	18	31	rice, natural rubber, sugar	crude oil, natural gas, gold
Chile	$39.0 billion	25	12	copper, lithium, iron ore	natural gas, coal, corn
Belgium	−$36.8 billion	16	55	pork, steel, palladium	crude oil, natural gas, coffee
Hong Kong	−$36.4 billion	2	24	grapes, almonds	gold, silver, beef
Turkey (Türkiye)	−$35.5 billion	22	35	hazelnuts, grapes, copper	gold, natural gas, coal
Angola	$31.9 billion	1	1	crude oil	chicken, vanilla
Kuwait	$31.7 billion	3	7	crude oil, natural gas, milk	chicken, lamb, barley
Ecuador	$30.8 billion	14	0	crude oil, shrimp, bananas	palm kernel oil, cinnamon
Algeria	$28.2 billion	5	15	natural gas, crude oil, urea	wheat, milk, sugar
Libya	$27.1 billion	2	3	crude oil, dates	sugar, barley, almonds
Ukraine	$25.2 billion	18	8	corn, sunflower oil, wheat	urea, tobacco, tomatoes

Commodity by commodity

Largest net exporters and net importers of each commodity
Commodity	World exports	From net exporters	Largest net exporters	Largest net importers
Crude oil	$1264.2 billion	84%	Saudi Arabia ($186.9 billion), Russia ($124.2 billion), United Arab Emirates ($114.4 billion)	China (−$318.4 billion), India (−$141.8 billion), South Korea (−$84.5 billion)
Gold	$519.9 billion	46%	Canada ($42.7 billion), United Arab Emirates ($25.8 billion), South Africa ($25.0 billion)	United Kingdom (−$68.0 billion), India (−$58.5 billion), China (−$49.3 billion)
Natural gas	$442.4 billion	89%	United States ($74.5 billion), Norway ($54.5 billion), Australia ($49.0 billion)	China (−$84.3 billion), Japan (−$47.1 billion), South Korea (−$34.1 billion)
Coal	$178.0 billion	95%	Australia ($61.7 billion), Indonesia ($30.9 billion), Russia ($22.2 billion)	China (−$38.3 billion), India (−$32.0 billion), Japan (−$26.7 billion)
Iron ore	$158.1 billion	96%	Australia ($87.4 billion), Brazil ($31.3 billion), South Africa ($6.6 billion)	China (−$112.0 billion), Japan (−$8.5 billion), South Korea (−$7.8 billion)
Copper	$102.6 billion	93%	Chile ($30.9 billion), Peru ($20.5 billion), Indonesia ($8.4 billion)	China (−$66.2 billion), Japan (−$13.5 billion), South Korea (−$4.1 billion)
Soybeans	$80.0 billion	96%	Brazil ($42.9 billion), United States ($24.3 billion), Paraguay ($3.2 billion)	China (−$47.1 billion), Mexico (−$3.0 billion), Spain (−$2.5 billion)
Aluminum	$68.6 billion	78%	Canada ($8.3 billion), United Arab Emirates ($7.4 billion), Russia ($7.3 billion)	United States (−$9.5 billion), China (−$7.8 billion), Japan (−$5.0 billion)
Steel	$65.6 billion	63%	China ($18.3 billion), Japan ($8.1 billion), South Korea ($3.2 billion)	Vietnam (−$5.0 billion), Italy (−$2.5 billion), United Arab Emirates (−$2.4 billion)
Wheat	$55.9 billion	94%	Russia ($9.1 billion), Canada ($7.8 billion), United States ($6.0 billion)	Egypt (−$5.2 billion), Indonesia (−$3.2 billion), China (−$2.9 billion)
Corn	$46.1 billion	97%	United States ($13.5 billion), Brazil ($8.3 billion), Argentina ($7.6 billion)	Mexico (−$4.7 billion), Japan (−$3.6 billion), South Korea (−$2.6 billion)
Palm oil	$43.0 billion	95%	Indonesia ($21.1 billion), Malaysia ($15.1 billion), Thailand ($873 million)	India (−$8.3 billion), China (−$3.2 billion), Pakistan (−$3.0 billion)
Cheese	$42.4 billion	41%	Netherlands ($3.3 billion), Italy ($2.9 billion), Denmark ($1.8 billion)	United Kingdom (−$1.7 billion), Japan (−$1.3 billion), Spain (−$1.2 billion)
Sugar	$38.9 billion	86%	Brazil ($20.5 billion), Thailand ($2.5 billion), France ($1.7 billion)	Indonesia (−$2.8 billion), United States (−$2.2 billion), China (−$1.8 billion)
Rice	$38.7 billion	86%	India ($11.9 billion), Thailand ($6.7 billion), Pakistan ($4.1 billion)	Indonesia (−$2.7 billion), Philippines (−$2.5 billion), Saudi Arabia (−$1.9 billion)
Pork	$36.6 billion	75%	Spain ($6.3 billion), United States ($5.0 billion), Brazil ($2.9 billion)	Japan (−$4.2 billion), Italy (−$2.8 billion), Mexico (−$2.2 billion)
Beef	$35.8 billion	80%	Brazil ($10.1 billion), Australia ($5.7 billion), India ($3.5 billion)	China (−$11.8 billion), South Korea (−$2.4 billion), Japan (−$1.3 billion)
Chicken	$34.0 billion	79%	Brazil ($9.2 billion), United States ($4.7 billion), Poland ($4.6 billion)	United Kingdom (−$1.8 billion), Mexico (−$1.8 billion), China (−$1.7 billion)
Sawnwood	$33.9 billion	81%	Canada ($6.0 billion), Sweden ($3.7 billion), Russia ($3.6 billion)	China (−$6.7 billion), United States (−$5.0 billion), United Kingdom (−$2.3 billion)
Coffee	$32.7 billion	91%	Brazil ($11.7 billion), Vietnam ($3.6 billion), Colombia ($3.4 billion)	United States (−$6.1 billion), Germany (−$3.5 billion), Italy (−$2.6 billion)
Silver	$31.8 billion	49%	China ($3.9 billion), Mexico ($2.9 billion), South Korea ($1.9 billion)	India (−$5.4 billion), United States (−$4.4 billion), Hong Kong (−$3.3 billion)
Shrimp	$29.1 billion	78%	Ecuador ($6.3 billion), India ($4.5 billion), Canada ($2.4 billion)	China (−$7.8 billion), United States (−$6.3 billion), Japan (−$1.8 billion)
Milk	$20.2 billion	78%	New Zealand ($6.2 billion), United States ($2.1 billion), Netherlands ($1.1 billion)	China (−$2.5 billion), Algeria (−$1.3 billion), Mexico (−$907 million)
Potash	$19.6 billion	91%	Canada ($6.6 billion), Russia ($4.7 billion), Germany ($1.5 billion)	Brazil (−$3.9 billion), China (−$3.4 billion), United States (−$3.0 billion)
Urea	$19.2 billion	93%	Russia ($3.2 billion), Oman ($2.7 billion), Qatar ($1.8 billion)	Brazil (−$2.9 billion), India (−$2.1 billion), Australia (−$1.4 billion)
Cocoa	$18.5 billion	90%	Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) ($5.0 billion), Ecuador ($3.1 billion), Nigeria ($2.2 billion)	Netherlands (−$3.4 billion), Malaysia (−$2.9 billion), Germany (−$1.8 billion)
Sunflower oil	$18.0 billion	73%	Ukraine ($5.3 billion), Russia ($4.4 billion), Argentina ($889 million)	India (−$3.3 billion), China (−$1.1 billion), Italy (−$777 million)
Cotton	$17.0 billion	89%	Brazil ($5.1 billion), United States ($4.9 billion), Australia ($2.4 billion)	China (−$4.5 billion), Bangladesh (−$2.5 billion), Vietnam (−$2.5 billion)
Natural rubber	$16.6 billion	84%	Thailand ($5.1 billion), Indonesia ($3.0 billion), Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) ($2.7 billion)	China (−$3.9 billion), United States (−$1.7 billion), Japan (−$1.2 billion)
Olive oil	$16.1 billion	63%	Spain ($5.3 billion), Tunisia ($1.6 billion), Greece ($1.0 billion)	United States (−$3.1 billion), France (−$806 million), Brazil (−$760 million)
Salmon	$15.9 billion	84%	Norway ($8.0 billion), Sweden ($2.6 billion), Chile ($1.2 billion)	Poland (−$2.1 billion), France (−$1.5 billion), United States (−$1.2 billion)
Plywood	$15.5 billion	78%	China ($4.3 billion), Indonesia ($1.8 billion), Vietnam ($1.0 billion)	United States (−$2.9 billion), Japan (−$1.1 billion), Germany (−$760 million)
Bananas	$14.9 billion	90%	Ecuador ($4.2 billion), Colombia ($1.6 billion), Guatemala ($1.5 billion)	United States (−$2.7 billion), China (−$981 million), Japan (−$930 million)
Platinum	$14.5 billion	62%	South Africa ($5.3 billion), United Arab Emirates ($1.0 billion), Russia ($512 million)	China (−$2.9 billion), India (−$1.6 billion), United States (−$1.2 billion)
Zinc	$14.3 billion	70%	Spain ($1.3 billion), South Korea ($1.2 billion), Australia ($1.2 billion)	United States (−$1.6 billion), China (−$1.2 billion), Turkey (Türkiye) (−$844 million)
Nickel	$14.2 billion	68%	Norway ($2.2 billion), Canada ($1.8 billion), Australia ($1.3 billion)	United States (−$1.1 billion), Netherlands (−$1.0 billion), Other Asia, nes (−$802 million)
Tobacco	$13.1 billion	69%	Brazil ($2.7 billion), India ($1.5 billion), Zimbabwe ($1.3 billion)	Belgium (−$1.3 billion), China (−$1.2 billion), United Arab Emirates (−$651 million)
Palladium	$13.1 billion	59%	Russia ($2.9 billion), South Africa ($2.8 billion), Belgium ($635 million)	Switzerland (−$1.3 billion), Japan (−$1.2 billion), Germany (−$914 million)
Canola	$13.0 billion	83%	Canada ($4.0 billion), Australia ($2.9 billion), Ukraine ($1.9 billion)	China (−$3.0 billion), Germany (−$2.4 billion), Belgium (−$1.2 billion)
Grapes	$12.8 billion	76%	Peru ($1.8 billion), Chile ($1.3 billion), South Africa ($1.1 billion)	United States (−$1.3 billion), United Kingdom (−$948 million), Germany (−$812 million)
Tomatoes	$11.7 billion	79%	Mexico ($3.5 billion), Morocco ($1.6 billion), Netherlands ($1.3 billion)	United States (−$3.7 billion), Germany (−$1.6 billion), United Kingdom (−$783 million)
Bauxite	$11.5 billion	97%	Guinea ($8.3 billion), Australia ($1.9 billion), Brazil ($241 million)	China (−$9.7 billion), India (−$334 million), Ireland (−$221 million)
Logs	$11.1 billion	74%	New Zealand ($1.8 billion), United States ($1.6 billion), Papua New Guinea ($513 million)	China (−$5.4 billion), India (−$913 million), Austria (−$761 million)
Avocados	$9.3 billion	83%	Mexico ($4.0 billion), Peru ($1.4 billion), Israel ($444 million)	United States (−$3.7 billion), Netherlands (−$566 million), France (−$371 million)
Barley	$9.0 billion	94%	Australia ($1.8 billion), France ($1.4 billion), Russia ($985 million)	China (−$3.1 billion), Saudi Arabia (−$868 million), Netherlands (−$537 million)
Lamb	$8.9 billion	87%	Australia ($3.8 billion), New Zealand ($2.2 billion), Ireland ($426 million)	United States (−$1.5 billion), China (−$1.2 billion), France (−$636 million)
Chromium	$8.4 billion	97%	South Africa ($7.1 billion), Turkey (Türkiye) ($359 million), Zimbabwe ($146 million)	China (−$5.4 billion), Mozambique (−$2.0 billion), Russia (−$134 million)
Fishmeal	$8.3 billion	69%	Peru ($1.6 billion), United States ($823 million), Denmark ($366 million)	China (−$3.3 billion), Indonesia (−$361 million), Turkey (Türkiye) (−$314 million)
Molybdenum	$8.1 billion	60%	Peru ($1.6 billion), Chile ($1.1 billion), Mexico ($714 million)	South Korea (−$999 million), Japan (−$742 million), China (−$570 million)
Apples	$7.9 billion	87%	Italy ($1.1 billion), China ($1.0 billion), United States ($943 million)	Germany (−$488 million), United Kingdom (−$427 million), India (−$412 million)
Coconut oil	$7.7 billion	74%	Indonesia ($2.6 billion), Philippines ($1.9 billion), Malaysia ($536 million)	United States (−$1.2 billion), China (−$1.0 billion), Germany (−$429 million)
Lead	$7.1 billion	52%	Australia ($756 million), South Korea ($410 million), Canada ($335 million)	United States (−$832 million), Vietnam (−$635 million), Singapore (−$374 million)
Tea	$7.1 billion	78%	Sri Lanka ($1.4 billion), Kenya ($1.3 billion), China ($1.2 billion)	Pakistan (−$624 million), United States (−$488 million), Russia (−$309 million)
Potatoes	$6.8 billion	60%	France ($1.2 billion), Netherlands ($566 million), Germany ($521 million)	Belgium (−$631 million), Spain (−$345 million), Italy (−$285 million)
Sesame seed	$6.7 billion	70%	Niger ($576 million), Sudan ($574 million), Nigeria ($391 million)	China (−$1.7 billion), Japan (−$419 million), Turkey (Türkiye) (−$324 million)
Manganese	$6.4 billion	97%	South Africa ($3.1 billion), Gabon ($1.7 billion), Ghana ($556 million)	China (−$3.8 billion), India (−$1.1 billion), Norway (−$258 million)
Tin	$6.3 billion	71%	Indonesia ($1.7 billion), Peru ($973 million), Bolivia ($691 million)	United States (−$599 million), Japan (−$551 million), South Korea (−$452 million)
Pepper	$5.8 billion	63%	India ($1.2 billion), Vietnam ($992 million), China ($302 million)	United States (−$1.1 billion), Thailand (−$233 million), United Kingdom (−$153 million)
Oranges	$5.4 billion	79%	Spain ($1.0 billion), Egypt ($1.0 billion), South Africa ($844 million)	France (−$408 million), Germany (−$396 million), Russia (−$268 million)
Eggs	$5.3 billion	60%	Netherlands ($542 million), United States ($526 million), Turkey (Türkiye) ($480 million)	Germany (−$458 million), Hong Kong (−$301 million), Iraq (−$235 million)
Phosphate rock	$5.2 billion	93%	Morocco ($1.5 billion), Jordan ($1.0 billion), Peru ($482 million)	India (−$1.9 billion), United States (−$326 million), Indonesia (−$234 million)
Almonds	$5.2 billion	83%	United States ($3.4 billion), Australia ($418 million), Spain ($233 million)	United Arab Emirates (−$371 million), Germany (−$347 million), Italy (−$243 million)
Cobalt	$4.7 billion	83%	DR Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ($3.1 billion), Canada ($225 million), Finland ($115 million)	China (−$3.1 billion), United States (−$181 million), Other Asia, nes (−$111 million)
Peanuts	$4.6 billion	83%	Argentina ($940 million), India ($858 million), United States ($667 million)	Indonesia (−$417 million), Netherlands (−$367 million), Mexico (−$210 million)
Lentils	$4.1 billion	77%	Canada ($1.5 billion), Australia ($909 million), United States ($251 million)	India (−$662 million), Bangladesh (−$427 million), Iraq (−$217 million)
Mangoes	$4.0 billion	84%	Mexico ($714 million), Thailand ($695 million), Brazil ($422 million)	United States (−$893 million), China (−$535 million), United Kingdom (−$267 million)
Lithium	$3.8 billion	93%	Chile ($2.8 billion), Argentina ($721 million), Bolivia ($16 million)	China (−$2.5 billion), South Korea (−$357 million), Japan (−$214 million)
Cashews	$3.5 billion	97%	Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) ($809 million), Tanzania ($602 million), Cambodia ($498 million)	Vietnam (−$1.8 billion), India (−$1.5 billion), United Arab Emirates (−$35 million)
Phosphate fertilizers	$3.5 billion	93%	Morocco ($1.5 billion), China ($596 million), Israel ($409 million)	Brazil (−$1.1 billion), Bangladesh (−$526 million), United States (−$373 million)
Pistachios	$3.4 billion	87%	United States ($2.5 billion), Iran ($473 million), Australia ($18 million)	China (−$883 million), Vietnam (−$265 million), Germany (−$230 million)
Cassava	$3.3 billion	57%	Cambodia ($688 million), Laos ($400 million), Costa Rica ($209 million)	China (−$344 million), Vietnam (−$338 million), United States (−$177 million)
Wool	$2.8 billion	93%	Australia ($1.8 billion), New Zealand ($288 million), South Africa ($242 million)	China (−$2.0 billion), India (−$203 million), Italy (−$106 million)
Pineapples	$2.7 billion	88%	Costa Rica ($1.7 billion), Philippines ($430 million), Ecuador ($76 million)	United States (−$839 million), China (−$173 million), Japan (−$129 million)
Sorghum	$2.7 billion	98%	United States ($1.6 billion), Australia ($611 million), Argentina ($254 million)	China (−$2.2 billion), Ethiopia (−$43 million), Japan (−$39 million)
Chickpeas	$2.4 billion	68%	Australia ($602 million), Russia ($312 million), Mexico ($171 million)	Pakistan (−$304 million), Bangladesh (−$191 million), Algeria (−$165 million)
Dates	$2.4 billion	79%	Saudi Arabia ($442 million), Tunisia ($367 million), Israel ($267 million)	India (−$287 million), Morocco (−$231 million), United Kingdom (−$101 million)
Hazelnuts	$2.3 billion	88%	Turkey (Türkiye) ($1.4 billion), Chile ($238 million), United States ($137 million)	Germany (−$512 million), Italy (−$273 million), Poland (−$188 million)
Honey	$2.1 billion	74%	New Zealand ($250 million), Argentina ($206 million), China ($190 million)	United States (−$629 million), Japan (−$134 million), Germany (−$119 million)
Orange juice	$1.8 billion	71%	Brazil ($890 million), South Africa ($73 million), Egypt ($43 million)	Netherlands (−$267 million), United States (−$239 million), Germany (−$134 million)
Uranium	$1.6 billion	99%	Namibia ($1.1 billion), Australia ($432 million), Uzbekistan ($47 million)	China (−$803 million), United States (−$527 million), France (−$152 million)
Ginger	$1.3 billion	89%	China ($723 million), Peru ($113 million), Thailand ($86 million)	United States (−$152 million), Bangladesh (−$105 million), Netherlands (−$103 million)
Cardamom	$1.2 billion	81%	Guatemala ($508 million), Indonesia ($229 million), India ($134 million)	United Arab Emirates (−$230 million), Saudi Arabia (−$224 million), China (−$93 million)
Linseed	$1.2 billion	77%	Russia ($461 million), Kazakhstan ($236 million), Canada ($138 million)	China (−$350 million), Belgium (−$205 million), Germany (−$98 million)
Rare earths	$1.1 billion	71%	China ($380 million), Vietnam ($154 million), Australia ($128 million)	Japan (−$264 million), Malaysia (−$117 million), India (−$63 million)
Oats	$1.1 billion	90%	Canada ($450 million), Finland ($136 million), Australia ($119 million)	United States (−$322 million), China (−$149 million), Germany (−$145 million)
Plantains	$1.1 billion	79%	Ecuador ($258 million), Guatemala ($168 million), Colombia ($150 million)	United States (−$351 million), Romania (−$104 million), Qatar (−$37 million)
Palm kernel oil	$1.1 billion	78%	Malaysia ($182 million), Thailand ($157 million), Papua New Guinea ($89 million)	India (−$133 million), Netherlands (−$120 million), Germany (−$111 million)
Cinnamon	$820 million	87%	Vietnam ($225 million), Sri Lanka ($200 million), Indonesia ($130 million)	United States (−$150 million), Mexico (−$90 million), India (−$84 million)
Sisal	$677 million	92%	India ($268 million), Sri Lanka ($170 million), Kenya ($49 million)	China (−$175 million), United States (−$65 million), United Kingdom (−$43 million)
Cloves	$651 million	83%	Indonesia ($245 million), Madagascar ($223 million), Tanzania ($33 million)	India (−$206 million), United Arab Emirates (−$47 million), China (−$33 million)
Graphite	$533 million	68%	China ($194 million), Madagascar ($54 million), Mozambique ($44 million)	United States (−$78 million), Japan (−$50 million), India (−$38 million)
Vanilla	$456 million	73%	Madagascar ($278 million), Uganda ($21 million), Indonesia ($12 million)	United States (−$130 million), France (−$85 million), Germany (−$21 million)
Silk	$370 million	74%	China ($173 million), Vietnam ($56 million), Brazil ($18 million)	India (−$115 million), Romania (−$72 million), France (−$17 million)
Quinoa	$293 million	79%	Peru ($136 million), Bolivia ($86 million), India ($6 million)	United States (−$96 million), Germany (−$12 million), China (−$11 million)
Yams	$250 million	87%	Ghana ($63 million), Jamaica ($53 million), China ($27 million)	United States (−$103 million), Canada (−$34 million), United Kingdom (−$20 million)
Jute	$210 million	88%	Bangladesh ($146 million), Tanzania ($22 million), Kenya ($8 million)	India (−$73 million), China (−$27 million), Pakistan (−$22 million)

CEPII BACI (built from UN Comtrade), 2024, value in US dollars for the primary HS line of each commodity. Counts include only balances of $10 million or more. Some HS lines overlap (for example a broad crustaceans line and a narrower shrimp line), so combined balances are approximate. Net positions also depend on which lines are tracked: a country that imports the processed form of a commodity it exports raw appears in both columns for different lines.

More patterns

Concentration: How much of each commodity comes from one country?
Producer or exporter?: Is the biggest producer also the biggest seller abroad?
Prices in real terms: Which prices are records once inflation is removed?
Growth and decline: Whose output is rising or falling fastest?
Linked prices and seasons: Which prices move together, and which have a season?
Reserves and mining: Where are the deposits, and who digs them up?
Supply concentration: Which commodities depend on the fewest suppliers?
Land or yield?: Did output grow because farmers planted more or farmed better?
Supply shocks and prices: When world output falls, do prices rise?
Category price indices: How have energy, metals and food prices moved since 1960?
Drawdowns and volatility: How far do prices fall, and do they recover?
Stocks and prices: Are prices lower when the world holds more stock?
Which prices follow oil?: How closely does each commodity track crude oil?
How reliable is the data?: How much of world output rests on estimates?
Country leaders: Which countries lead across the most commodities?
Export dependency: Which countries rely on one commodity?
Concentration over time: Has production spread out or narrowed?
Import dependency: Which countries buy most of a commodity from one supplier?
Supplier shifts: Who gained and lost importers' business?
Trade price against benchmark: Does traded product sell above or below the benchmark price?
Prices in other currencies: How much of a price move is the dollar?
Do prices lead each other?: Does one commodity price move before another?
Volatility over time: Are prices more volatile now than they used to be?
Seasonality: Which prices have a calendar-month pattern?
Price ratios: What does one commodity buy of another, and is that high or low?
El Niño and prices: Do El Niño and La Niña years move commodity prices?
Who consumes it: Which countries consume each commodity, and how much per person?
Self-sufficiency: Which large markets depend on imports, and which produce far more than they use?
Trade flows: Who sells each commodity to whom?

Every figure is computed from the same tables as the commodity pages. The full set is in patterns.json, and single facts from it appear each day on the facts page.