What does Turkey produce and export?
Turkey (Türkiye) ranks in the top ten producers of 30 commodities: hazelnuts (#1, 59% of world output in 2024), chromium (#2, 18% of world output in 2025), feldspar (#2, 17% of world output in 2025), pistachios (#2, 28% of world output in 2024), apples (#3, 4.5% of world output in 2024), chickpeas (#3, 3.4% of world output in 2024) and more. It is a top-ten exporter of boron (#1, 64% of world export value in 2024), feldspar (#1, 42% of world export value in 2024), hazelnuts (#1, 62% of world export value in 2024), chickpeas (#2, 15% of world export value in 2024), chromium (#2, 4.9% of world export value in 2024) and more.
Turkey (Türkiye) sits between two grain and oilseed regions and processes what moves across it. Sunflower is the clearest case: the country grew 4.0% of the world's sunflower oil in 2023 (FAOSTAT), which is not enough for its crushers and refiners, so it bought 6.5% of world sunflower-oil import value in 2024 (CEPII BACI), mostly unrefined sunflower oil from Black Sea neighbors, and shipped out 6.9% of world sunflower-oil export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI) as bottled refined oil. The margin is in refining and packaging rather than in the field, and the plants sit at Mersin, Izmir and on the Marmara coast where ships can discharge directly.
Cotton follows the same logic on a larger scale. It is grown on the irrigated Çukurova plain, in the Aegean valleys around Söke, and on land brought into production by the southeastern Anatolia dam and canal project on the Euphrates, but the mills of Denizli, Bursa and Kahramanmaraş spin and dye far more than Turkish farms supply. Turkey produced 3.1% of world cotton in 2023 (FAOSTAT), imported 8.5% of world cotton import value in 2024 (CEPII BACI), and exported 2.7% of world cotton export value in 2024 (CEPII BACI) as fiber, alongside a much larger trade in yarn, fabric and finished clothing that the raw-fiber tables do not show.
Grain is grown mainly for the domestic market. The central Anatolian plateau is dry and cold in winter, suited to bread wheat and barley in rotation with fallow, and Turkey produced 2.6% of the world's wheat in 2024 (FAOSTAT). Milling for export is a separate business run under an inward-processing regime that lets millers import duty-free grain provided the flour leaves again, which has made the country one of the largest flour and pasta exporters without a comparable grain surplus.
Metals and savings complete the pattern. Turkish rolling mills and manufacturers bought 4.6% of world aluminum import value in 2024 (CEPII BACI); feed compounders took 2.0% of world soybean import value in 2024 (CEPII BACI); and households, who hold savings in metal during periods of high inflation, help explain 2.6% of world gold import value in 2024 (CEPII BACI), refined and worked in the Istanbul jewelry trade.
What does Turkey produce?
| Commodity | World rank | Share of world | Production | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazelnuts | 1 | 59% | 717,000 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Chromium | 2 | 18% | 9 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Feldspar | 2 | 17% | 5.3 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Pistachios | 2 | 28% | 383,000 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Apples | 3 | 4.5% | 4.4 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Chickpeas | 3 | 3.4% | 575,000 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Honey | 3 | 5.2% | 95,492 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Olive oil | 3 | 9% | 234,515 t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Tomatoes | 3 | 7.8% | 14.6 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Almonds | 4 | 5.1% | 200,000 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Lamb | 4 | 4.4% | 509,539 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Sunflower oil | 4 | 4% | 900,600 t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Wool | 4 | 5% | 84,270 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Magnesium | 5 | 1.4% | 15,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Tea | 5 | 4.3% | 1.4 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Antimony | 6 | 2.7% | 3,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Barley | 6 | 5.7% | 8.1 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Lentils | 6 | 5.1% | 405,000 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Vanilla | 6 | 5.7% | 407 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Cheese | 7 | 3.4% | 773,082 t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Grapes | 7 | 4.6% | 3.5 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Barite | 8 | 3% | 260,000 t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Beef | 8 | 2.1% | 1.5 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Cotton | 8 | 3.1% | 777,000 t | 2023 | FAOSTAT |
| Steel | 8 | 1.9% | 37 million t | 2025 | USGS MCS |
| Chicken | 9 | 2% | 2.5 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Eggs | 9 | 1.5% | 1.3 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Milk | 10 | 2.7% | 21 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Tobacco | 10 | 1.8% | 108,000 t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat | 10 | 2.6% | 20.8 million t | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
What does Turkey export?
| Rank | Commodity | Export value (US$) | Share of world |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Steel | $1.9 billion | 2.7% |
| 2 | Hazelnuts | $1.4 billion | 62% |
| 3 | Sunflower oil | $1.3 billion | 6.9% |
| 4 | Boron | $742.8 million | 64% |
| 5 | Grapes | $724.1 million | 5.5% |
| 6 | Olive oil | $708.7 million | 4.4% |
| 7 | Lentils | $619.6 million | 15% |
| 8 | Eggs | $479.5 million | 8.1% |
| 9 | Cotton | $473.7 million | 2.7% |
| 10 | Tomatoes | $464.6 million | 3.8% |
| Rest of world | $0 | <0.1% |
Turkey's own tracked-export mix
| Commodity | World rank | Share of world exports | Export value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boron | 1 | 64% | $742.8 million | 2024 |
| Feldspar | 1 | 42% | $288.1 million | 2024 |
| Hazelnuts | 1 | 62% | $1.4 billion | 2024 |
| Chickpeas | 2 | 15% | $359.5 million | 2024 |
| Chromium | 2 | 4.9% | $408.8 million | 2024 |
| Lentils | 3 | 15% | $619.6 million | 2024 |
| Magnesium | 3 | 4.3% | $39.4 million | 2024 |
| Pistachios | 3 | 4.5% | $155.1 million | 2024 |
| Sunflower oil | 3 | 6.9% | $1.3 billion | 2024 |
| Almonds | 4 | 3.1% | $159.5 million | 2024 |
| Eggs | 4 | 8.1% | $479.5 million | 2024 |
| Antimony | 5 | 7.8% | $36.7 million | 2024 |
| Barite | 5 | 7.2% | $65.7 million | 2024 |
| Bauxite | 5 | 1.6% | $180.2 million | 2024 |
| Cotton | 6 | 2.7% | $473.7 million | 2024 |
| Olive oil | 6 | 4.4% | $708.7 million | 2024 |
| Grapes | 7 | 5.5% | $724.1 million | 2024 |
| Tomatoes | 7 | 3.8% | $464.6 million | 2024 |
| Niobium | 8 | 0.4% | $12.6 million | 2024 |
| Steel | 8 | 2.7% | $1.9 billion | 2024 |
| Apples | 9 | 2.4% | $197.8 million | 2024 |
| Oranges | 9 | 2.7% | $146.6 million | 2024 |
| Wool | 10 | 0.6% | $18.3 million | 2024 |
Top-ten importer of
- Sesame seed: #2, 6.3% of world imports, $497.6 million (2024)
- Sunflower oil: #2, 6.5% of world imports, $1.2 billion (2024)
- Chickpeas: #3, 11% of world imports, $259 million (2024)
- Lentils: #3, 9.9% of world imports, $411.9 million (2024)
- Pistachios: #4, 6% of world imports, $206.6 million (2024)
- Almonds: #5, 5.9% of world imports, $308.3 million (2024)
- Cotton: #5, 8.5% of world imports, $1.5 billion (2024)
- Fishmeal: #5, 3.3% of world imports, $313.5 million (2024)
- Zinc: #5, 5.8% of world imports, $844.1 million (2024)
- Barite: #6, 2.8% of world imports, $25.9 million (2024)
- Dates: #6, 4.6% of world imports, $112.3 million (2024)
- Phosphate rock: #6, 4% of world imports, $211.6 million (2024)
- Steel: #6, 3.9% of world imports, $2.7 billion (2024)
- Urea: #6, 4.3% of world imports, $880.7 million (2024)
- Aluminum: #7, 4.6% of world imports, $3.7 billion (2024)
- Coal: #8, 2.6% of world imports, $4.6 billion (2024)
- Tobacco: #8, 3.7% of world imports, $517.2 million (2024)
- Gold: #9, 2.6% of world imports, $15.2 billion (2024)
- Natural rubber: #9, 2.8% of world imports, $475.9 million (2024)
- Soybeans: #9, 2% of world imports, $1.6 billion (2024)
- Vanadium: #9, 3.5% of world imports, $23.5 million (2024)
- Chromium: #10, 0.6% of world imports, $49.3 million (2024)
- Graphite: #10, 2.5% of world imports, $13.4 million (2024)
- Lead: #10, 3.5% of world imports, $302.9 million (2024)
Sources: FAOSTAT (crops and livestock), USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (minerals), Energy Institute Statistical Review (energy) for production; CEPII BACI for trade. Ranks count only the commodities on this site.
Turkey commodity by commodity
Turkey in the pattern reports
What Turkey uses
Turkey had about 87 million people and a food supply of 3,892 kilocalories per person a day in FAO's 2023 food balance sheets. Its eight largest supplies among the commodities tracked there:
| Commodity | Domestic supply | Share of world | kg per person | Self-sufficiency | Imported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheat | 33.4 million tonnes | 4% | 164 | 59% | 69% |
| Milk | 21.4 million tonnes | 2% | 187 | 100% | 0.8% |
| Corn | 12.3 million tonnes | 1% | 16 | 77% | 43% |
| Tomatoes | 11.8 million tonnes | 6.1% | 113 | 112% | 1.3% |
| Barley | 10.8 million tonnes | 8% | 0.0 | 86% | 15% |
| Potatoes | 5.3 million tonnes | 1.4% | 51 | 100% | 2.2% |
| Oranges | 4.1 million tonnes | 3.3% | 44 | 128% | 2.9% |
| Apples | 3.4 million tonnes | 3.2% | 36 | 129% | 5% |
FAO reports a negative domestic supply for Turkey's pork (−33 thousand tonnes; production 0 tonnes, imports 2 thousand tonnes, exports 35 thousand tonnes), meaning exports exceed production plus imports in the year. These are not counted as use and are left out of the table above.
Who supplies Turkey
- Single-supplier markets. Turkey buys half or more of its imports from one country in 12 of 29 import markets of $250 million or more, among them coal from Russia (56%, $4.6 billion); soybeans from Brazil (62%, $1.6 billion); wheat from Russia (87%, $1.3 billion); sunflower oil from Russia (62%, $1.2 billion); corn from Ukraine (54%, $1.1 billion); urea from Oman (56%, $881 million). Import dependency.
- A new largest supplier. natural gas: United States (26% in 2022) to Azerbaijan (44% in 2024). Supplier shifts.
How long Turkey's own reserves would last
- Chromium: Turkey's reserves are about 3 years of its own output at the current rate (18% of world output, 2.3% of world reserves), against 24 years for the world.
- Barite: Turkey's reserves are about 131 years of its own output at the current rate (3% of world output, 8.5% of world reserves), against 46 years for the world.
- Antimony: Turkey's reserves are about 33 years of its own output at the current rate (2.7% of world output, 4.1% of world reserves), against 22 years for the world.
Downloads and citation
This country's rankings as JSON · PDF summary. Cite as: Commodity Origins, "What does Turkey produce and export?", https://commodityorigins.com/countries/TUR/ (CC BY 4.0).
Data updated 22 October 2026.