Which countries buy most of a commodity from one supplier?

Of 1,262 import markets worth at least $250 million (2024 figures, one row per importing country and commodity), 560 buy half or more of their imports from a single supplying country and 223 buy three quarters or more. The median market's largest supplier is 47% of its imports; the largest market in the table is the United States's crude oil imports, 59% of which come from Canada.

This is the import-side mirror of export dependency, built from CEPII BACI bilateral flows on each commodity's primary HS line (see trade flows). Markets below $250 million are left out: a small market is dominated by one supplier by arithmetic, not because of anything about the country. A "supplier" here is the exporting country BACI records, which can be a trading or refining hub rather than the country where the goods were grown or mined, so a high share names who ships to the importer, not always who produces. Click a heading to sort.

Countries with the most single-supplier markets

The largest markets with a single dominant supplier

The 150 largest import markets where one supplier has at least half. Second supplier shown so a close call reads differently from a monopoly.

18 of these markets get 90% or more from one supplier. A share that high can reflect a short pipeline, a neighbouring producer or a transit route, among other causes, and the table cannot tell them apart: it measures concentration of who shipped, not whether a buyer could switch.

CEPII BACI trade values, each commodity's primary HS line, latest year on file per commodity (mostly 2024). Import markets of at least $250 million only; the table shows the 150 largest of the 560 at 50% or more.