Sources

Each source below is used exactly as its terms allow: "full" sources are republished as tables and downloads with attribution; "derived only" sources appear as charts and statistics but their rows are not offered for download; "link only" sources are cited and linked but never mirrored.

World Bank Commodity Price Data (The Pink Sheet)

Website: https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets
License: CC BY 4.0
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: World Bank, Commodity Price Data (The Pink Sheet), {vintage}, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets. CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Monthly nominal US-dollar benchmark prices since January 1960 for ~70 series, plus indices. Published in the first week of each month. Underlying benchmarks come from exchanges and price assessors named in the workbook's Description sheet.

FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (QCL)

Website: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
License: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: FAO. {year}. FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products. Rome. Accessed {accessed}. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Production quantity (t), area harvested (ha) and yield (kg/ha) by country and year since 1961. Aggregates (regions, World, China incl. HK/Macao/Taiwan) are excluded; China here means mainland China.

FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products trade (TCL)

Website: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TCL
License: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: FAO. {year}. FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products trade. Rome. Accessed {accessed}. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TCL. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Export and import quantity (t) and value (1000 USD) by country and year. Used as a cross-check of BACI for agricultural lines.

FAOSTAT Producer prices (PP)

Website: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/PP
License: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: FAO. {year}. FAOSTAT: Producer prices. Rome. Accessed {accessed}. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/PP. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05

FAOSTAT Forestry production and trade (FO)

Website: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FO
License: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: FAO. {year}. FAOSTAT: Forestry production and trade. Rome. Accessed {accessed}. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FO. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05

CEPII BACI international trade database (HS22, V202601)

Website: https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37
License: Etalab Open Licence 2.0
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010) BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version. CEPII Working Paper, N°2010-23. BACI HS22 V202601, https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Reconciled bilateral HS6 flows built from UN Comtrade. Values in thousand USD and quantities in tonnes; we aggregate each country's exports and imports to the world for the HS lines of each commodity.

CEPII BACI international trade database (HS92, V202601)

Website: https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37
License: Etalab Open Licence 2.0
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010) BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version. CEPII Working Paper, N°2010-23. BACI HS92 V202601, https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37
Terms last checked: 2026-10-22
Notes: The same reconciled bilateral flows in the 1992 customs nomenclature, which reaches back to 1995. Used only for the history of exporter shares and for trade around dated export controls, and only for customs lines that pass a concordance test against the HS22 vintage (world exports in 2022 to 2024: the median of the three yearly ratios within 10%, every year within 30%).

UN Comtrade

Website: https://comtradeplus.un.org
License: UN Comtrade policy on use and re-dissemination
Redistribution on this site: Link and citation only
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: United Nations Statistics Division, UN Comtrade Database, https://comtradeplus.un.org, accessed {accessed}.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Used for reference tables (reporters, HS descriptions) and internal spot checks of BACI; the policy restricts re-dissemination, so no Comtrade rows are published here.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries

Website: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/mineral-commodity-summaries
License: Public domain (US Government work)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: U.S. Geological Survey, {year}, Mineral Commodity Summaries {year}: U.S. Geological Survey. Data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XCP3R
Terms last checked: 2026-10-06
Notes: World mine production and reserves by country; the latest year is an estimate and the prior year is preliminary. Country names are mapped to ISO3 in countries.yaml. Also used, for the cumulative figures on /how-much-is-left/: USGS Data Series 140 (Kelly and Matos, historical statistics, world production back to 1900 for many minerals) and the MCS 2022-2025 world tables.

US Energy Information Administration (EIA) International data and prices

Website: https://www.eia.gov/opendata/
License: Public domain (US Government work)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: U.S. Energy Information Administration, {dataset}, https://www.eia.gov/opendata/, accessed {accessed}.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Requires a free API key (EIA_API_KEY). When the key is absent the site uses the Energy Institute review for production by country and the Pink Sheet for WTI and Henry Hub.

Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy

Website: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review
License: Free to use with attribution (Energy Institute terms)
Redistribution on this site: Derived tables and charts only
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy {year} (with major processing by Commodity Origins).
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Oil, gas, coal, nuclear and renewables production and consumption by country with long history; published each June.

USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Production, Supply and Distribution (PSD)

Website: https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/
License: Public domain (US Government work)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Production, Supply and Distribution database, {vintage}, https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Production, consumption, exports and ending stocks by marketing year; stocks-to-use = ending stocks / domestic consumption. Updated on the WASDE cycle.

IMF Primary Commodity Price System (PCPS)

Website: https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.RES:PCPS
License: © International Monetary Fund. All rights reserved (IMF terms of use)
Redistribution on this site: Derived tables and charts only
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: International Monetary Fund. Primary Commodity Price System (PCPS), https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.RES:PCPS. Accessed on {accessed}.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Monthly prices for commodities not in the Pink Sheet (lithium, cobalt, uranium, palladium, wool, dairy, oats, orange juice). Charts and derived statistics are shown with attribution; bulk series are not offered for download. The IMF terms page could not be read at the time of checking, so rights beyond attribution remain unconfirmed.

FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) — BLS Consumer Price Index CPIAUCSL

Website: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL
License: FRED terms of use; BLS data are public domain
Redistribution on this site: Derived tables and charts only
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, {accessed}.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Used only to deflate nominal prices to constant dollars. The CPI series itself is not republished.

AMIS Market Monitor (Agricultural Market Information System)

Website: https://www.amis-outlook.org/amis-monitoring/monthly-report/
License: FAO terms (attribution, non-commercial reuse of the PDF)
Redistribution on this site: Link and citation only
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: AMIS Market Monitor No. {issue}, {month} {year}, https://www.amis-outlook.org
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Linked from the grains and oilseeds pages and cited in roundups; not mirrored.

Natural Earth via world-atlas (TopoJSON)

Website: https://github.com/topojson/world-atlas
License: Public domain (Natural Earth); ISC (world-atlas)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: static
Citation template: Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05

Wikidata

Website: https://www.wikidata.org
License: CC0 1.0
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: static
Citation template: Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org, CC0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Entity IDs only, for sameAs links in JSON-LD.

Harvest calendars (curated from USDA FAS IPAD crop calendars and FAO GIEWS country briefs)

Website: https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/ogamaps/cropcalendar.aspx
License: Public domain (USDA) with FAO GIEWS cross-reference (attribution)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: static
Citation template: Harvest months curated by Commodity Origins from USDA FAS IPAD crop calendars and FAO GIEWS country briefs, {vintage}.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05
Notes: Each commodity's calendar is a hand-maintained YAML file listing planting and harvest months for the top producers, with the source page for each country.

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture statistics (FishStat)

Website: https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics-query/en
License: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: FAO. {year}. FishStat: Global production by production source / Global Aquatic Processed Production Statistics. Accessed {accessed}. https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics-query/en. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-09-18
Notes: Two datasets, keyless, no login: capture + aquaculture production by country and species (live weight, used for shrimp, ISSCAAP group "Shrimps, prawns") and processed-commodity production by country (net product weight, used for fishmeal, FAO commodity codes under 081.42.1). Confirmed CC BY 4.0 against the query panel's own metadata API, which quotes a different, stricter non-commercial licence sometimes shown for older FAO fisheries pages -- that older page is out of date.

FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets (FBS)

Website: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS
License: CC BY 4.0 (FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: annual
Citation template: FAO. {year}. FAOSTAT: Food Balances (2010-). Rome. Accessed {accessed}. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Terms last checked: 2026-10-04
Notes: Supply and use by country since 2010: production, imports, exports, domestic supply, food, feed, processing and other uses, plus per-capita food supply (kg, kcal, protein). FAO's items are its own aggregates (for example oranges and mandarins together, all milk in whole-milk equivalent), so only items that match a site commodity one-to-one are used, and each page says what FAO's item covers. Rows where FAO imputed a negative domestic supply are dropped.

NOAA Climate Prediction Center Oceanic Nino Index (ONI)

Website: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php
License: Public domain (US government work)
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: monthly
Citation template: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), {vintage}. https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/oni.ascii.txt. Public domain.
Terms last checked: 2026-10-04
Notes: Three-month running mean of Nino 3.4 sea-surface-temperature anomalies, 1950 onward. Used only to label calendar years as El Nino, La Nina or neutral for the /patterns/el-nino-prices/ report.

Commodity Origins registry (exchange contract specifications, industry bodies, HS and FAO codes)

Website: /methodology/
License: CC BY 4.0
Redistribution on this site: Full (tables and downloads)
Update cadence: as reviewed
Citation template: Commodity Origins, {page}, {vintage}, {url}
Terms last checked: 2026-09-05