Did output grow because farmers planted more or farmed better?
Of the 31 crops whose output changed by 10% or more over the last ten years, the change came mainly from higher or lower yield for 8 and mainly from more or less harvested land for 23. The fastest grower, avocados, rose 122%: harvested area +80% and yield +24%.
World output equals harvested area multiplied by yield per hectare, so growth can be split exactly into the two. Each end of the ten-year window is a three-year average, because a single year's weather can swing yield by a tenth or more, and only crops where area is reported for at least 90% of output at both ends are included. The split, shown as the share of growth from area, is given only where output changed by at least 10%; for a crop that barely moved it is not meaningful. Click a heading to sort.
| Crop | Output | Harvested area | Yield | Share of growth from area |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avocados | +122% | +80% | +24% | 73% |
| Cardamom | +105% | +74% | +18% | 77% |
| Ginger | +103% | +26% | +61% | 32% |
| Pepper | +94% | +57% | +23% | 68% |
| Pistachios | +59% | +73% | −8% | 118% |
| Yams | +56% | +49% | +4% | 90% |
| Lentils | +53% | +45% | +6% | 87% |
| Hazelnuts | +41% | +20% | +17% | 54% |
| Tea | +39% | +48% | −6% | 119% |
| Linseed | +38% | +48% | −6% | 120% |
| Cashews | +38% | +17% | +19% | 47% |
| Soybeans | +36% | +24% | +9% | 71% |
| Plantains | +36% | +50% | −9% | 132% |
| Chickpeas | +34% | +11% | +21% | 35% |
| Dates | +31% | +17% | +12% | 59% |
| Almonds | +29% | +31% | −2% | 107% |
| Cloves | +28% | +18% | +9% | 65% |
| Mangoes | +28% | +9% | +18% | 33% |
| Canola | +28% | +17% | +9% | 65% |
| Coffee | +25% | +19% | +5% | 78% |
| Corn | +23% | +13% | +9% | 58% |
| Peanuts | +23% | +15% | +7% | 67% |
| Cassava | +20% | +29% | −6% | 136% |
| Bananas | +20% | +3% | +17% | 17% |
| Pineapples | +20% | +6% | +13% | 31% |
| Apples | +18% | −9% | +29% | -54% |
| Cocoa | +15% | +8% | +7% | 52% |
| Cinnamon | +15% | +42% | −19% | 245% |
| Wheat | +14% | +0% | +14% | 1% |
| Natural rubber | +13% | +24% | −9% | 174% |
| Quinoa | +10% | −2% | +12% | — |
| Tomatoes | +10% | +5% | +4% | — |
| Rice | +9% | +4% | +5% | — |
| Sesame seed | +7% | +12% | −5% | — |
| Jute | +6% | −1% | +7% | — |
| Potatoes | +5% | −8% | +14% | — |
| Grapes | +5% | −4% | +9% | — |
| Barley | +4% | −10% | +15% | — |
| Orange juice | +1% | −7% | +8% | — |
| Oranges | +1% | −7% | +8% | — |
| Oats | −2% | −11% | +10% | — |
| Sorghum | −4% | −3% | −2% | — |
| Sisal | −7% | −17% | +13% | — |
| Vanilla | −7% | −5% | −3% | — |
| Tobacco | −20% | −21% | +1% | 102% |
Where a big producer changed most
The same split for the largest producers (at least 5% of world output) whose output moved by 30% or more.
| Crop | Country | Output | Area | Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazelnuts | Chile | +592% | +368% | +48% |
| Lentils | Australia | +563% | +418% | +28% |
| Natural rubber | Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) | +437% | +436% | +0% |
| Linseed | Russia | +315% | +228% | +26% |
| Avocados | Colombia | +310% | +258% | +15% |
| Ginger | India | +236% | +40% | +139% |
| Pepper | Burkina Faso | +211% | +215% | −1% |
| Avocados | Indonesia | +198% | +205% | −2% |
| Pepper | Brazil | +197% | +119% | +36% |
| Cardamom | India | +193% | +17% | +150% |
| Avocados | Kenya | +188% | +158% | +12% |
| Avocados | Peru | +186% | +143% | +18% |
| Cocoa | Ecuador | +167% | +35% | +99% |
| Cashews | Tanzania | +158% | +134% | +10% |
| Plantains | Uganda | +158% | +169% | −4% |
| Pistachios | Turkey (Türkiye) | +151% | +703% | −69% |
FAOSTAT production and area harvested, three-year means ending 2024 against the same ten years earlier (for a few crops the latest year is earlier). Area harvested can exceed land area when a plot is harvested more than once a year, and it is reported differently for tree crops, so read a large area change for perennials as changes in bearing area. Livestock and other items without an area are not included.
More patterns
- Concentration:
- Producer or exporter?:
- Prices in real terms:
- Growth and decline:
- Linked prices and seasons:
- Reserves and mining:
- Supply concentration:
- Supply shocks and prices:
- Category price indices:
- Drawdowns and volatility:
- Stocks and prices:
- Which prices follow oil?:
- How reliable is the data?:
- Net exporters and importers:
- Country leaders:
- Export dependency:
- Concentration over time:
- Import dependency:
- Supplier shifts:
- Trade price against benchmark:
- Prices in other currencies:
- Do prices lead each other?:
- Volatility over time:
- Seasonality:
- Price ratios:
- El Niño and prices:
- Who consumes it:
- Self-sufficiency:
- Trade flows:
Every figure is computed from the same tables as the commodity pages. The full set is in patterns.json, and single facts from it appear each day on the facts page.