Commodity Origins

What does Madagascar produce and export?

Madagascar ranks in the top ten producers of 11 commodities: vanilla (#1, 43% of world output in 2024), cloves (#2, 13% of world output in 2024), graphite (#2, 4.4% of world output in 2025), cobalt (#4, 1.3% of world output in 2025), sisal (#4, 7.5% of world output in 2024), cinnamon (#5, 1.3% of world output in 2024) and more. It is a top-ten exporter of vanilla (#1, 60% of world export value in 2024), cloves (#2, 34% of world export value in 2024), graphite (#2, 10% of world export value in 2024), beryllium (#3, 1.6% of world export value in 2024), titanium (#7, 5.2% of world export value in 2024) and more.

Where madagascar is produced, 2024World map shaded by share of madagascar production in 2024. Darkest: Madagascar 100%. 1 producing countries shown.Fiji: no reported productionTanzania: no reported productionWestern Sahara: no reported productionCanada: no reported productionUnited States: no reported productionKazakhstan: no reported productionUzbekistan: no reported productionPapua New Guinea: no reported productionIndonesia: no reported productionArgentina: no reported productionChile: no reported productionDR Congo: no reported productionSomalia: no reported productionKenya: no reported productionSudan: no reported productionChad: no reported productionHaiti: no reported productionDominican Republic: no reported productionRussia: no reported productionBahamas: no reported productionFalkland Isds (Malvinas): no reported productionNorway: no reported productionGreenland: no reported productionFr. South Antarctic Terr.: no reported productionTimor-Leste: no reported productionSouth Africa: no reported productionLesotho: no reported productionMexico: no reported productionUruguay: no reported productionBrazil: no reported productionBolivia: no reported productionPeru: no reported productionColombia: no reported productionPanama: no reported productionCosta Rica: no reported productionNicaragua: no reported productionHonduras: no reported productionEl Salvador: no reported productionGuatemala: no reported productionBelize: no reported productionVenezuela: no reported productionGuyana: no reported productionSuriname: no reported productionFrance: no reported productionEcuador: no reported productionPuerto Rico: no reported productionJamaica: no reported productionCuba: no reported productionZimbabwe: no reported productionBotswana: no reported productionNamibia: no reported productionSenegal: no reported productionMali: no reported productionMauritania: no reported productionBenin: no reported productionNiger: no reported productionNigeria: no reported productionCameroon: no reported productionTogo: no reported productionGhana: no reported productionIvory Coast: no reported productionGuinea: no reported productionGuinea-Bissau: no reported productionLiberia: no reported productionSierra Leone: no reported productionBurkina Faso: no reported productionCentral African Republic: no reported productionRepublic of the Congo: no reported productionGabon: no reported productionEquatorial Guinea: no reported productionZambia: no reported productionMalawi: no reported productionMozambique: no reported productionEswatini: no reported productionAngola: no reported productionBurundi: no reported productionIsrael: no reported productionLebanon: no reported productionMadagascar: 100% (1)Palestine: no reported productionGambia: no reported productionTunisia: no reported productionAlgeria: no reported productionJordan: no reported productionUnited Arab Emirates: no reported productionQatar: no reported productionKuwait: no reported productionIraq: no reported productionOman: no reported productionVanuatu: no reported productionCambodia: no reported productionThailand: no reported productionLaos: no reported productionMyanmar: no reported productionVietnam: no reported productionNorth Korea: no reported productionSouth Korea: no reported productionMongolia: no reported productionIndia: no reported productionBangladesh: no reported productionBhutan: no reported productionNepal: no reported productionPakistan: no reported productionAfghanistan: no reported productionTajikistan: no reported productionKyrgyzstan: no reported productionTurkmenistan: no reported productionIran: no reported productionSyria: no reported productionArmenia: no reported productionSweden: no reported productionBelarus: no reported productionUkraine: no reported productionPoland: no reported productionAustria: no reported productionHungary: no reported productionMoldova: no reported productionRomania: no reported productionLithuania: no reported productionLatvia: no reported productionEstonia: no reported productionGermany: no reported productionBulgaria: no reported productionGreece: no reported productionTurkey: no reported productionAlbania: no reported productionCroatia: no reported productionSwitzerland: no reported productionLuxembourg: no reported productionBelgium: no reported productionNetherlands: no reported productionPortugal: no reported productionSpain: no reported productionIreland: no reported productionNew Caledonia: no reported productionSolomon Islands: no reported productionNew Zealand: no reported productionAustralia: no reported productionSri Lanka: no reported productionChina: no reported productionTaiwan: no reported productionItaly: no reported productionDenmark: no reported productionUnited Kingdom: no reported productionIceland: no reported productionAzerbaijan: no reported productionGeorgia: no reported productionPhilippines: no reported productionMalaysia: no reported productionBrunei: no reported productionSlovenia: no reported productionFinland: no reported productionSlovakia: no reported productionCzechia: no reported productionEritrea: no reported productionJapan: no reported productionParaguay: no reported productionYemen: no reported productionSaudi Arabia: no reported productionAntarcticaN. CyprusCyprus: no reported productionMorocco: no reported productionEgypt: no reported productionLibya: no reported productionEthiopia: no reported productionDjibouti: no reported productionSomalilandUganda: no reported productionRwanda: no reported productionBosnia and Herzegovina: no reported productionNorth Macedonia: no reported productionSerbia: no reported productionMontenegro: no reported productionKosovoTrinidad and Tobago: no reported productionSouth Sudan: no reported production<0.5%0.5–1%1–2.5%2.5–5%5–10%10–20%≥20%
Share of world production, 2024. Countries with no reported production are unshaded.

What does Madagascar produce?

Commodities where Madagascar is a top-ten producer
CommodityWorld rankShare of worldProductionYearSource
Vanilla Softs143%3,090 t2024FAOSTAT
Cloves Softs213%25,114 t2024FAOSTAT
Graphite Metals24.4%80,000 t2025USGS MCS
Cobalt Metals41.3%3,900 t2025USGS MCS
Sisal Fibres & other raw materials47.5%17,592 t2024FAOSTAT
Cinnamon Softs51.3%3,248 t2024FAOSTAT
Beryllium Metals60.2%1 t2025USGS MCS
Pistachios Fruit & vegetables60.4%5,034 t2024FAOSTAT
Rare earths Metals70.7%2,700 t2025USGS MCS
Titanium Metals83.2%300,000 t2025USGS MCS
Zirconium Metals82.2%26,000 t2025USGS MCS

What does Madagascar export?

Top 9 Madagascar commodity exports, 2024Bar chart of top 9 Madagascar commodity exports in 2024: Vanilla 60%, Cloves 34%, Titanium 5.2%, Cobalt 1.9%, Graphite 10%, Chromium 0.4%, Zirconium 1.7%, Cinnamon 1.2%, Beryllium 1.6%; rest of world <0.1%.VanillaVanilla: 60%, $278.5 million60%ClovesCloves: 34%, $223.1 million34%TitaniumTitanium: 5.2%, $165.9 million5.2%CobaltCobalt: 1.9%, $88.1 million1.9%GraphiteGraphite: 10%, $53.7 million10%ChromiumChromium: 0.4%, $33.4 million0.4%ZirconiumZirconium: 1.7%, $29.3 million1.7%CinnamonCinnamon: 1.2%, $10.1 million1.2%BerylliumBeryllium: 1.6%, $433,0101.6%Rest of worldRest of world: <0.1%, $0<0.1%
Madagascar's largest commodity exports by value. Each bar's share is that commodity's share of world trade in it, not its share of Madagascar's own exports — the two are unrelated and shown so a bar near 100% marks a commodity Madagascar dominates globally rather than one it merely exports a lot of.
Top 9 Madagascar commodity exports in 2024
RankCommodityExport value (US$)Share of world
1Vanilla$278.5 million60%
2Cloves$223.1 million34%
3Titanium$165.9 million5.2%
4Cobalt$88.1 million1.9%
5Graphite$53.7 million10%
6Chromium$33.4 million0.4%
7Zirconium$29.3 million1.7%
8Cinnamon$10.1 million1.2%
9Beryllium$433,0101.6%
Rest of world$0<0.1%

Madagascar's own tracked-export mix

Unlike the chart above, this treemap sizes each commodity by its share of Madagascar's own $1.5 billion of tracked exports, not by world trade. Nickel alone is 32% of it. See the full export dependency report for how Madagascar compares with other countries.

Madagascar's tracked export mix by commodityNickel: 32.0%; Vanilla: 18.8%; Other tracked commodities: 16.1%; Cloves: 15.1%; Titanium: 11.2%; Cocoa: 6.7%.Nickel: 32.0%Nickel32.0%Vanilla: 18.8%Vanilla18.8%Other tracked commodities: 16.1%Other tracked co…16.1%Cloves: 15.1%Cloves15.1%Titanium: 11.2%Titanium11.2%Cocoa: 6.7%Cocoa6.7%
Commodities where Madagascar is a top-ten exporter
CommodityWorld rankShare of world exportsExport valueYear
Vanilla160%$278.5 million2024
Cloves234%$223.1 million2024
Graphite210%$53.7 million2024
Beryllium31.6%$433,0102024
Titanium75.2%$165.9 million2024
Cinnamon91.2%$10.1 million2024
Cobalt91.9%$88.1 million2024
Chromium100.4%$33.4 million2024
Zirconium101.7%$29.3 million2024

Sources: FAOSTAT (crops and livestock), USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (minerals), Energy Institute Statistical Review (energy) for production; CEPII BACI for trade. Ranks count only the commodities on this site.

Madagascar commodity by commodity

One page for each commodity where Madagascar is a top-five producer or exporter with at least 3% of the world total.

Madagascar in the pattern reports

What the cross-commodity reports under Patterns say about Madagascar, computed from the same data as this page.

What Madagascar uses

Madagascar had about 31 million people and a food supply of 1,978 kilocalories per person a day in FAO's 2023 food balance sheets. Its eight largest supplies among the commodities tracked there:

Largest domestic supplies of tracked commodities in Madagascar, 2023
CommodityDomestic supplyShare of worldkg per personSelf-sufficiencyImported
Rice5.8 million tonnes0.8%150 (#16 of 141)89%11%
Cassava2.6 million tonnes0.8%73 (#19 of 112)100%0.1%
Milk505 thousand tonnes<0.1%15 (#123 of 142)86%14%
Bananas402 thousand tonnes0.3%12 (#44 of 140)100%<0.1%
Wheat347 thousand tonnes<0.1%10 (#134 of 143)0.3%100%
Corn271 thousand tonnes<0.1%7.4 (#84 of 140)98%2.2%
Potatoes251 thousand tonnes0.1%4.6 (#125 of 143)100%<0.1%
Sugar223 thousand tonnes0.1%7.2 (#132 of 143)41%64%

FAO reports a negative domestic supply for Madagascar's cloves (−15 thousand tonnes; production 25 thousand tonnes, imports 0 tonnes, exports 40 thousand tonnes); peanuts (−38 thousand tonnes; production 56 thousand tonnes, imports 3 thousand tonnes, exports 98 thousand tonnes), meaning exports exceed production plus imports in the year. These are not counted as use and are left out of the table above.

FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets. Per-person rank counts countries of at least 1 million people. See consumption and self-sufficiency.

How long Madagascar's own reserves would last

USGS national reserve figures, rounded. A short national figure usually reflects how little has been proved up, not when mining stops. See country reserve life.

Downloads and citation

This country's rankings as JSON · PDF summary. Cite as: Commodity Origins, "What does Madagascar produce and export?", https://commodityorigins.com/countries/MDG/ (CC BY 4.0).

Data updated 22 October 2026.

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