{"generated_at":"2026-10-22T09:35:17.919063+00:00","last_year":2024,"before_years":3,"after_years":3,"skipped":[],"not_mapped":[{"what":"China's gallium and germanium licensing (2023)","why":"gallium and germanium have no customs line on this site"},{"what":"China's ban on exporting rare earth processing technology (2023)","why":"it controls technology, not goods"},{"what":"Namibia's ban on unprocessed critical minerals (2023)","why":"the register marks its status unconfirmed"},{"what":"Russia's ban on alloy steel and tungsten scrap exports to listed states (2022)","why":"the site's only scrap line (HS 7204) covers all ferrous scrap, not just alloy steel, the ban applies to listed states only, and there is no tungsten scrap line"},{"what":"Zimbabwe's ban on raw lithium ore exports (2022)","why":"the only customs line here that holds lithium ore (HS 2530) also holds the concentrate the ban did not cover, which is where the growth is"},{"what":"China's 2010 rare earth quotas, on the rare-earth metals line (HS 2805)","why":"that line is mostly, by weight, alkali and alkaline-earth metals, and the rare-earth metals inside it fell while the line rose"},{"what":"Indonesia's copper concentrate ban (2023 to 2025)","why":"its effective date is 2025, so there is no full calendar year after it in the data"},{"what":"China's antimony licensing (2024)","why":"it took effect in September 2024, so there is no full calendar year after it in the data"},{"what":"Malaysia's ban on raw rare earth exports (2024)","why":"it took effect in January 2024, so there is no full calendar year after it in the data, and the site has no customs line for raw rare earths"},{"what":"Russia's limit on enriched uranium exports to the United States (2024)","why":"the customs line here is natural uranium, not enriched uranium, and there is no full calendar year after it"}],"source":"CEPII BACI HS92 vintage V202601 (exports by customs line) and this site's export-controls register","rows":[{"event_id":"rare-earth-export-quotas-2010-2014","title":"Rare earth export quotas, including the 2010 cut and the first-half 2011 allocation","date":"2010-12-28","anchor":"2010-12-28","country":"China","exporter":"CHN","type":"quota","status":"ended","slug":"rare-earths","name":"Rare earths","hs":"284690","note":"Compounds of rare-earth metals other than cerium: includes oxides and other compounds the quotas covered. Cerium compounds (HS 284610) are a separate line, about as large, that is not shown.","window_note":"The register does not give the start of the quota regime and a 40 percent cut in 2010 implies earlier quotas, so the years before the anchor may already be under quotas; the anchor is the date of a news-reported cut.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2010,"before_years":[2007,2008,2009],"base_tonnes":29726.67166666667,"base_usd":369755315.0,"share_before":45.95447055002665,"after":[{"year":2011,"tonnes_index":65.86862202254619,"usd_index":563.096024731923,"rest_tonnes_index":90.33417874420313,"share":66.93712076448601,"tonnes":19580.549},{"year":2012,"tonnes_index":33.04981839260736,"usd_index":188.66495725693622,"rest_tonnes_index":79.60136586455148,"share":45.01922754379332,"tonnes":9824.611},{"year":2013,"tonnes_index":59.5248038475885,"usd_index":114.52094502008714,"rest_tonnes_index":81.89383622866906,"share":42.23766920908446,"tonnes":17694.743000000002}],"series":{"years":[2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[24512.7,20986.2,40479.4,39446.0,29330.2,20403.8,26627.4,19580.5,9824.6,17694.7,18735.7,18781.7,9107.1,24601.2,26319.6,25489.5,14282.3,18908.4,26736.7,27950.0,28291.4]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-raw-ore-export-ban-2014","title":"Indonesia bans exports of unprocessed mineral ores under the 2009 Mining Law","date":"2014-01-11","anchor":"2014-01-12","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"ban","status":"ended","slug":"nickel","name":"Nickel","hs":"2604","note":"Nickel ores and concentrates: the ore the ban covered.","window_note":"Year 3 (2017) falls after the January 2017 relaxation, and the three years before the ban were front-loaded ahead of it.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2014,"before_years":[2011,2012,2013],"base_tonnes":46959090.69166666,"base_usd":1674920796.6666667,"share_before":35.71314765636627,"after":[{"year":2015,"tonnes_index":0.37309443053396096,"usd_index":0.2699538992529356,"rest_tonnes_index":122.6939996166436,"share":0.1478194760380693,"tonnes":175201.752},{"year":2016,"tonnes_index":0.012517418700875992,"usd_index":0.30097482878190385,"rest_tonnes_index":77.4521313103378,"share":0.24223003260114892,"tonnes":5878.066},{"year":2017,"tonnes_index":9.560695138836504,"usd_index":11.93399063393324,"rest_tonnes_index":122.45317789827288,"share":7.4350360317698625,"tonnes":4489615.501}],"series":{"years":[2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[11893634.4,11683976.6,18242227.2,36984946.3,45679474.9,58212850.9,7674007.8,175201.8,5878.1,4489615.5,18256309.2,28941664.7,3837466.1,372042.9,1087181.9,296464.6,166.8]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-raw-ore-export-ban-2014","title":"Indonesia bans exports of unprocessed mineral ores under the 2009 Mining Law","date":"2014-01-11","anchor":"2014-01-12","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"ban","status":"ended","slug":"bauxite","name":"Bauxite","hs":"2606","note":"Aluminium ores and concentrates: the bauxite the ban covered.","window_note":"Year 3 (2017) falls after the January 2017 relaxation, and the three years before the ban were front-loaded ahead of it.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2014,"before_years":[2011,2012,2013],"base_tonnes":40194491.850666665,"base_usd":1489979489.3333333,"share_before":33.919169153771136,"after":[{"year":2015,"tonnes_index":0.00028156096716053626,"usd_index":0.0030549413818015893,"rest_tonnes_index":187.80917794086352,"share":0.00101098927776218,"tonnes":113.172},{"year":2016,"tonnes_index":4.975806156302553e-05,"usd_index":0.00022819106063810813,"rest_tonnes_index":89.64045286655565,"share":9.383921114404973e-05,"tonnes":20.0},{"year":2017,"tonnes_index":3.808149859654495,"usd_index":4.673791115819898,"rest_tonnes_index":192.12650305588687,"share":1.4442801390605522,"tonnes":1530666.485}],"series":{"years":[2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[17297038.6,14663806.7,25451333.9,38575259.0,28960043.7,53048172.8,4911610.2,113.2,20.0,1530666.5,8162974.1,15017312.5,19051864.2,18984218.3,18344144.3,1881283.9,0.1]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-raw-ore-export-ban-2014","title":"Indonesia bans exports of unprocessed mineral ores under the 2009 Mining Law","date":"2014-01-11","anchor":"2014-01-12","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"ban","status":"ended","slug":"copper","name":"Copper","hs":"2603","note":"Copper ores and concentrates: the register says concentrates above a minimum purity could keep shipping, under an export tax, so much of this line is the exempted good.","window_note":"","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2014,"before_years":[2011,2012,2013],"base_tonnes":1334777.2413333333,"base_usd":3200527996.0,"share_before":5.9364975171095224,"after":[{"year":2015,"tonnes_index":111.59066013982412,"usd_index":88.5557954669427,"rest_tonnes_index":143.5296816390126,"share":6.2426211793979585,"tonnes":1489486.735},{"year":2016,"tonnes_index":127.00309231423705,"usd_index":93.69454339245841,"rest_tonnes_index":161.75424665349252,"share":6.531474301467149,"tonnes":1695208.372},{"year":2017,"tonnes_index":101.50982433941829,"usd_index":97.71801165022522,"rest_tonnes_index":174.8268786259639,"share":5.455274565115449,"tonnes":1354930.033}],"series":{"years":[2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[1563000.5,2479138.2,2560957.4,1521667.1,1067356.5,1415308.2,830220.7,1489486.7,1695208.4,1354930.0,1580017.7,763517.0,1138059.1,2315210.6,3133437.0,2920383.2,2456810.5]}},{"event_id":"wto-ds431-rare-earth-tungsten-molybdenum-2014-2015","title":"WTO ruling on rare earth, tungsten and molybdenum export restrictions; quotas removed","date":"2014-08-07","anchor":"2015-01-01","country":"China","exporter":"CHN","type":"other","status":"ended","slug":"tungsten","name":"Tungsten","hs":"261100","note":"Tungsten ores and concentrates: one of the products under China's export quotas, which were removed after the ruling.","window_note":"Annual tonnes on this line swing widely, and some years show quantities that do not fit their values.","direction":"easing","anchor_year":2015,"before_years":[2012,2013,2014],"base_tonnes":1496.5186666666668,"base_usd":12147787.333333334,"share_before":2.9850230661796773,"after":[{"year":2016,"tonnes_index":57.62801488610455,"usd_index":93.44449889118351,"rest_tonnes_index":42.40458220053654,"share":6.033892794230318,"tonnes":862.414},{"year":2017,"tonnes_index":103.11124307169797,"usd_index":62.207386354749595,"rest_tonnes_index":41.70476404818063,"share":3.8513553042601227,"tonnes":1543.0790000000002},{"year":2018,"tonnes_index":13.117110021570062,"usd_index":21.890603836166378,"rest_tonnes_index":38.10981797230875,"share":1.04053317108383,"tonnes":196.3}],"series":{"years":[2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[1999.3,722.0,5972.1,139.4,2755.3,1594.9,995.9,862.4,1543.1,196.3,68.4,76.3,341.0,102.0,211.1,125.6]}},{"event_id":"wto-ds431-rare-earth-tungsten-molybdenum-2014-2015","title":"WTO ruling on rare earth, tungsten and molybdenum export restrictions; quotas removed","date":"2014-08-07","anchor":"2015-01-01","country":"China","exporter":"CHN","type":"other","status":"ended","slug":"molybdenum","name":"Molybdenum","hs":"2613","note":"Molybdenum ores and concentrates: one of the products under China's export quotas, which were removed after the ruling.","window_note":"","direction":"easing","anchor_year":2015,"before_years":[2012,2013,2014],"base_tonnes":5092.096999999999,"base_usd":79480990.0,"share_before":1.7526926052029517,"after":[{"year":2016,"tonnes_index":55.649725447099705,"usd_index":35.5718468026128,"rest_tonnes_index":82.22825106409076,"share":1.3599344798864506,"tonnes":2833.7380000000003},{"year":2017,"tonnes_index":75.96681681436942,"usd_index":47.70511162480487,"rest_tonnes_index":98.59487406984647,"share":1.1916148088350988,"tonnes":3868.304},{"year":2018,"tonnes_index":66.61575771239238,"usd_index":47.96697549942445,"rest_tonnes_index":102.33501983167336,"share":0.793854186908715,"tonnes":3392.139}],"series":{"years":[2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[8884.8,15846.6,9550.4,6707.8,3659.5,4909.0,1001.3,2833.7,3868.3,3392.1,3270.9,697.1,7077.9,11681.1,16181.0,16057.4]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-ore-relaxation-2017","title":"Indonesia partly lifts its raw ore export ban for low-grade nickel ore and washed bauxite","date":"2017-01-09","anchor":"2017-01-12","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"other","status":"ended","slug":"nickel","name":"Nickel","hs":"2604","note":"Nickel ores and concentrates: low-grade nickel ore exports were partly allowed again.","window_note":"The years before are the 2014 ban itself, and the years after include the 2019 halt and the 2020 ban.","direction":"easing","anchor_year":2017,"before_years":[2014,2015,2016],"base_tonnes":2618362.5293333335,"base_usd":201230177.33333337,"share_before":3.4105533057875967,"after":[{"year":2018,"tonnes_index":697.2414627644506,"usd_index":450.84535531526274,"rest_tonnes_index":90.74049722246902,"share":30.004043571595666,"tonnes":18256309.2},{"year":2019,"tonnes_index":1105.3345123438232,"usd_index":803.3270921002284,"rest_tonnes_index":102.08722871583365,"share":38.848370002730356,"tonnes":28941664.694999997},{"year":2020,"tonnes_index":146.5597701238516,"usd_index":107.68886449920336,"rest_tonnes_index":114.46127434611763,"share":5.4183665568929404,"tonnes":3837466.104}],"series":{"years":[2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[36984946.3,45679474.9,58212850.9,7674007.8,175201.8,5878.1,4489615.5,18256309.2,28941664.7,3837466.1,372042.9,1087181.9,296464.6,166.8]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-ore-relaxation-2017","title":"Indonesia partly lifts its raw ore export ban for low-grade nickel ore and washed bauxite","date":"2017-01-09","anchor":"2017-01-12","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"other","status":"ended","slug":"bauxite","name":"Bauxite","hs":"2606","note":"Aluminium ores and concentrates: washed bauxite exports were partly allowed again.","window_note":"The years before are the 2014 ban itself.","direction":"easing","anchor_year":2017,"before_years":[2014,2015,2016],"base_tonnes":1637247.7913333338,"base_usd":99701140.33333331,"share_before":2.393075577851587,"after":[{"year":2018,"tonnes_index":498.57902451969585,"usd_index":350.9109472873599,"rest_tonnes_index":162.94304402246752,"share":5.875249631139861,"tonnes":8162974.067},{"year":2019,"tonnes_index":917.2290609578577,"usd_index":645.9210846003665,"rest_tonnes_index":185.30410796429953,"share":9.5536332325766,"tonnes":15017312.542000001},{"year":2020,"tonnes_index":1163.651851714189,"usd_index":781.1170086884431,"rest_tonnes_index":194.95189319418805,"share":11.745804208055107,"tonnes":19051864.241}],"series":{"years":[2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[38575259.0,28960043.7,53048172.8,4911610.2,113.2,20.0,1530666.5,8162974.1,15017312.5,19051864.2,18984218.3,18344144.3,1881283.9,0.1]}},{"event_id":"tanzania-mineral-concentrate-export-ban-2017","title":"Tanzania bans exports of raw mineral concentrates","date":"2017-03-03","anchor":"2017-03-03","country":"Tanzania","exporter":"TZA","type":"ban","status":"ended","slug":"copper","name":"Copper","hs":"2603","note":"Copper ores and concentrates: the concentrates the ban covered.","window_note":"The register could not match the entry date to a legal instrument, and a settlement and a permit for stockpiled concentrate came in 2019 and 2020.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2017,"before_years":[2014,2015,2016],"base_tonnes":30184.15233333333,"base_usd":167762202.0,"share_before":0.34181500900631256,"after":[{"year":2018,"tonnes_index":0.0009972120358920798,"usd_index":0.0010181077618425633,"rest_tonnes_index":125.04753483597173,"share":2.7395145029270247e-06,"tonnes":0.301},{"year":2019,"tonnes_index":3.979667829443877,"usd_index":3.85389493158894,"rest_tonnes_index":203.00515373609133,"share":0.011047429769318606,"tonnes":1201.229},{"year":2020,"tonnes_index":7.541778794583122,"usd_index":1.8877541914954121,"rest_tonnes_index":266.51076035429327,"share":0.005059696512416673,"tonnes":2276.422}],"series":{"years":[2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[9588.6,21610.0,35906.2,46939.8,24940.1,18672.5,7186.6,0.3,1201.2,2276.4,4244.3,50554.8,52946.4,30213.5]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-nickel-ore-ban-2020","title":"Indonesia bans all nickel ore exports from 1 January 2020","date":"2019-09-02","anchor":"2020-01-01","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"ban","status":"in-force","slug":"nickel","name":"Nickel","hs":"2604","note":"Nickel ores and concentrates: the ore the ban covered.","window_note":"The years before include the 2017 relaxation boom, and exports were halted from 28 October 2019, before the effective date used here.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2020,"before_years":[2017,2018,2019],"base_tonnes":17229196.46533333,"base_usd":907886110.3333334,"share_before":25.42914986869863,"after":[{"year":2021,"tonnes_index":2.159374743613744,"usd_index":3.7194072709849006,"rest_tonnes_index":131.283673837769,"share":0.7968687118836785,"tonnes":372042.91699999996},{"year":2022,"tonnes_index":6.310113969548762,"usd_index":6.039460167516878,"rest_tonnes_index":114.05392661192695,"share":1.1056053520420943,"tonnes":1087181.933},{"year":2023,"tonnes_index":1.720710438217551,"usd_index":1.5714463342502119,"rest_tonnes_index":88.30015909176026,"share":0.28115466560243385,"tonnes":296464.582}],"series":{"years":[2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[7674007.8,175201.8,5878.1,4489615.5,18256309.2,28941664.7,3837466.1,372042.9,1087181.9,296464.6,166.8]}},{"event_id":"indonesia-bauxite-ore-ban-2023","title":"Indonesia bans bauxite ore exports from June 2023","date":"2022-12-21","anchor":"2023-06-10","country":"Indonesia","exporter":"IDN","type":"ban","status":"in-force","slug":"bauxite","name":"Bauxite","hs":"2606","note":"Aluminium ores and concentrates: the bauxite the ban covered.","window_note":"The ban took effect on 10 June 2023, so the year of the ban itself, which holds the first months, is not shown.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2023,"before_years":[2020,2021,2022],"base_tonnes":18793408.964,"base_usd":868704167.3333334,"share_before":11.63633524321586,"after":[{"year":2024,"tonnes_index":4.788912973287649e-07,"usd_index":7.114044380575247e-05,"rest_tonnes_index":139.30645626331477,"share":5.246334824220153e-06,"tonnes":0.09}],"series":{"years":[2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[1530666.5,8162974.1,15017312.5,19051864.2,18984218.3,18344144.3,1881283.9,0.1]}},{"event_id":"graphite-licensing-2023","title":"Export licensing for high-purity artificial graphite and natural flake graphite","date":"2023-10-20","anchor":"2023-12-01","country":"China","exporter":"CHN","type":"license","status":"in-force","slug":"graphite","name":"Graphite","hs":"3801","note":"Artificial graphite and preparations: includes the high-purity artificial graphite the licensing covered, but by weight about two fifths of the line is carbonaceous electrode pastes and other products. The natural flake graphite the licensing also covers is a different line and is not shown.","window_note":"The years before are a steep uptrend, and the year it took effect (2023, 816,000 tonnes) was already above the base; the one year shown (2024, 961,000 tonnes) is 118 percent of 2023.","direction":"tightening","anchor_year":2023,"before_years":[2020,2021,2022],"base_tonnes":573993.023,"base_usd":1489651936.3333333,"share_before":43.47557962661412,"after":[{"year":2024,"tonnes_index":167.40286249089127,"usd_index":104.87797074567136,"rest_tonnes_index":87.38934410879806,"share":47.81914931432363,"tonnes":960880.7509999999}],"series":{"years":[2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"tonnes":[410204.6,471301.6,398962.6,432790.4,566503.5,722685.2,815677.8,960880.8]}}]}