{"generated_at":"2026-10-22T09:35:21.844Z","links":[{"by":"gallium","host":"bauxite","role":"by-product","where":"bauxite (alumina production)","quote":"Globally, primary gallium is recovered predominantly as a byproduct of processing bauxite ores.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-gallium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Gallium"},{"by":"gallium","host":"zinc","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"zinc ores (zinc-processing residues)","quote":"Gallium may also be recovered as a byproduct of processing zinc ores.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-gallium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Gallium","note":"USGS says the remainder after bauxite is produced from zinc-processing residues."},{"by":"indium","host":"zinc","role":"by-product","where":"zinc (sphalerite refining)","quote":"Because indium is recovered as a byproduct of zinc production, the supply of primary indium is determined by the supply of zinc, regardless of the market demand for indium.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/i/pp1802i.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-I, Germanium and Indium","note":"USGS MCS 2026 (Indium) says indium is most commonly recovered from the zinc-sulfide mineral sphalerite and gives no share."},{"by":"rhenium","host":"molybdenum","role":"by-product","where":"molybdenite roasting (United States, 2025)","quote":"rhenium-containing products including ammonium perrhenate (APR), metal powder, and perrhenic acid were produced as byproducts from roasting molybdenum concentrates from porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in Arizona and Montana","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-rhenium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Rhenium","note":"Describes U.S. production in 2025.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"rhenium","host":"copper","role":"by-product","where":"porphyry copper mining (via molybdenite concentrates); also sedimentary copper deposits","quote":"Nearly all primary rhenium production (that is, rhenium produced by mining rather than through recycling) is as a byproduct of copper mining","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/p/pp1802p.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-P, Rhenium"},{"by":"tellurium","host":"copper","role":"by-product","where":"copper (anode slimes from electrolytic refining)","quote":"Tellurium is recovered principally as a byproduct of the electrolytic refining of primary copper, where it accumulates in the residues of copper anodes.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tellurium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Tellurium"},{"by":"tellurium","host":"lead","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"lead refinery skimmings","quote":"the remainder was derived from skimmings at lead refineries and from flue dusts and gases generated during the smelting of bismuth, copper, and lead-zinc ores","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tellurium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Tellurium","note":"Minor source; 'the remainder' after the roughly 90% from copper anode slimes."},{"by":"tellurium","host":"bismuth","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"bismuth smelting (flue dusts and gases)","quote":"the remainder was derived from skimmings at lead refineries and from flue dusts and gases generated during the smelting of bismuth, copper, and lead-zinc ores","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tellurium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Tellurium","note":"Minor source; USGS gives no separate share for bismuth smelting."},{"by":"arsenic","host":"copper","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"copper smelter flue dust","quote":"Arsenic may be obtained from copper, gold, and lead smelter flue dust, as well as from roasting arsenopyrite, the most abundant ore mineral of arsenic.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-arsenic.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Arsenic","note":"USGS says arsenic 'may be' obtained this way and does not call it a by-product or give a share."},{"by":"arsenic","host":"gold","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"gold smelter flue dust","quote":"Arsenic may be obtained from copper, gold, and lead smelter flue dust, as well as from roasting arsenopyrite, the most abundant ore mineral of arsenic.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-arsenic.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Arsenic","note":"USGS says arsenic 'may be' obtained this way and does not call it a by-product or give a share."},{"by":"arsenic","host":"lead","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"lead smelter flue dust","quote":"Arsenic may be obtained from copper, gold, and lead smelter flue dust, as well as from roasting arsenopyrite, the most abundant ore mineral of arsenic.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-arsenic.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Arsenic","note":"USGS says arsenic 'may be' obtained this way and does not call it a by-product or give a share."},{"by":"cobalt","host":"copper","role":"by-product","where":"sediment-hosted stratiform copper-cobalt deposits (Congo and Zambia)","quote":"Most of the world’s cobalt is produced as a byproduct of copper mining in sediment-hosted Cu-Co deposits","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/f/pp1802f.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-F, Cobalt"},{"by":"cobalt","host":"nickel","role":"by-product","where":"nickel mining (laterite and magmatic nickel-copper sulfide deposits; 2011 production data)","quote":"Cobalt mine production from most other countries was as a byproduct of nickel mining.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/f/pp1802f.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-F, Cobalt","note":"'Most other countries' means countries other than Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia; production year in that passage is 2011."},{"by":"platinum","host":"copper","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"small US quantities, Michigan copper-nickel mining","quote":"Small quantities of PGMs also were recovered as byproducts of copper-nickel mining in Michigan; however, this material was exported for refining.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-platinum-group.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Platinum-Group Metals","note":"Small U.S. quantities only; USGS gives no share.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"palladium","host":"copper","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"small US quantities, Michigan copper-nickel mining","quote":"Small quantities of PGMs also were recovered as byproducts of copper-nickel mining in Michigan; however, this material was exported for refining.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-platinum-group.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Platinum-Group Metals","note":"Small U.S. quantities only; USGS gives no share.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"nickel","host":"copper","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"copper processing (United States)","quote":"Small amounts of nickel continued to be recovered domestically as a byproduct of copper and platinum-group-metals processing and from recycled materials.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Nickel","note":"U.S. only; USGS calls the amounts small.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"nickel","host":"platinum","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"platinum-group-metals processing (United States)","quote":"Small amounts of nickel continued to be recovered domestically as a byproduct of copper and platinum-group-metals processing and from recycled materials.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Nickel","note":"U.S. only and small; the site's platinum page stands in for platinum-group metals.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"vanadium","host":"crude-oil","role":"by-product","where":"petroleum refining (residues, spent catalysts)","quote":"Significant amounts of vanadium are recovered as byproducts of petroleum refining, and processing of coal, tar sands, and oil shales may be important future sources.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/u/pp1802u.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-U, Vanadium"},{"by":"vanadium","host":"coal","role":"by-product","where":"coal processing (minor)","quote":"minor amounts are produced as byproducts of coal and tar sands","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/u/pp1802u.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-U, Vanadium","note":"USGS calls the coal contribution minor."},{"by":"vanadium","host":"bauxite","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"bauxite (USGS: 'can be recovered')","quote":"Because vanadium can be recovered as a byproduct of the mining of bauxite, carnotite, phosphate, and titanomagnetite ores","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/u/pp1802u.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-U, Vanadium","note":"USGS says 'can be recovered'; no share given.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"vanadium","host":"phosphate-rock","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"phosphate (small amounts, historical: Idaho and Wyoming slag)","quote":"Small amounts of vanadium have been produced from the Alum Shale in Sweden and from ferrophosphorus slag generated during the reduction of phosphate to elemental phosphorus in ore from shales of the Phosphoria Formation in Idaho and Wyoming.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/u/pp1802u.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-U, Vanadium","note":"USGS says 'can be recovered'; no share given.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"vanadium","host":null,"host_name":"vanadiferous titanomagnetite ores (processed during steelmaking)","role":"co-product","where":"titanomagnetite ore processed in steelmaking (China)","quote":"In 2025, China continued to be the world’s top vanadium producer, with most of its production originating as a coproduct from vanadiferous titanomagnetite ores processed during steelmaking.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-vanadium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Vanadium","note":"The host is named as an ore type, not as iron ore or steel, so it is not mapped to a site page."},{"by":"vanadium","host":"uranium","role":"by-product","where":"uranium mining, Colorado Plateau (historical)","quote":"mining resumed again in 1949 (until about 1983) for major production of uranium, with vanadium as a byproduct","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/u/pp1802u.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-U, Vanadium","note":"Historical; USGS MCS 2026 says Utah vanadium mining from uraniferous sandstones ceased in early 2020.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"bismuth","host":"lead","role":"by-product","where":"lead ore processing","quote":"Bismuth minerals rarely occur in sufficient quantities to be mined as principal products; bismuth is produced most often as a byproduct during the processing of lead ores.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bismuth.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Bismuth"},{"by":"bismuth","host":"tungsten","role":"by-product","where":"tungsten ore processing (China and Vietnam)","quote":"In China and Vietnam, bismuth is also produced as a byproduct or coproduct of tungsten and other metal ore processing.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bismuth.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Bismuth"},{"by":"bismuth","host":"zinc","role":"by-product","where":"zinc ore processing (Japan and Republic of Korea)","quote":"In Japan and the Republic of Korea, bismuth is produced as a byproduct or coproduct of zinc ore processing.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bismuth.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Bismuth"},{"by":"antimony","host":"lead","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"lead deposits (including Mississippi Valley-type lead deposits)","quote":"antimony can be recovered as a byproduct from some base-metal refining, for example, from Mississippi Valley-type lead deposits in the United States","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/c/pp1802c.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-C, Antimony","note":"No share given."},{"by":"antimony","host":"silver","role":"by-product","where":"silver mines (historical: Sunshine mine, Idaho, ceased 2001)","quote":"The Sunshine silver mine in Idaho was a significant producer of byproduct antimony from a deposit of silver-rich tetrahedrite","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/c/pp1802c.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-C, Antimony","note":"Historical example; the mine stopped recovering antimony before closing in early 2001.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"antimony","host":"gold","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"gold-antimony veins (USGS: 'joint product'; often mined for gold alone)","quote":"Gold is an important joint product with antimony, but gold-antimony veins are commonly mined just for their gold.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/c/pp1802c.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-C, Antimony","note":"Described as a joint product; no share given."},{"by":"silver","host":"lead","role":"by-product","where":"lead-zinc mines","quote":"Although silver was a principal product at several mines, silver was primarily obtained as a byproduct from lead-zinc, copper, and gold mines, in descending order of silver production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silver.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Silver","note":"Lead-zinc mines are listed first by silver output; no numeric split among hosts."},{"by":"silver","host":"zinc","role":"by-product","where":"lead-zinc mines","quote":"Although silver was a principal product at several mines, silver was primarily obtained as a byproduct from lead-zinc, copper, and gold mines, in descending order of silver production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silver.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Silver","note":"Lead-zinc mines are listed first by silver output; no numeric split among hosts."},{"by":"silver","host":"copper","role":"by-product","where":"copper mines","quote":"Although silver was a principal product at several mines, silver was primarily obtained as a byproduct from lead-zinc, copper, and gold mines, in descending order of silver production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silver.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Silver","note":"Second in descending order of silver production; no numeric split."},{"by":"silver","host":"gold","role":"by-product","where":"gold mines","quote":"Although silver was a principal product at several mines, silver was primarily obtained as a byproduct from lead-zinc, copper, and gold mines, in descending order of silver production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silver.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Silver","note":"Third in descending order of silver production; no numeric split."},{"by":"molybdenum","host":"copper","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"porphyry copper mines (molybdenite recovered from copper ore)","quote":"Only China and the United States produced molybdenum from both primary molybdenum mines and byproduct copper mines; the other countries relied on byproduct copper production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Molybdenum","note":"Primary molybdenum mines also exist (two in Colorado); USGS gives no global share."},{"by":"gold","host":"copper","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"base-metal ores, chiefly copper ores (United States)","quote":"About 7% of domestic gold was recovered as a byproduct of processing domestic base-metal ores, chiefly copper ores.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-gold.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Gold","note":"U.S. production only.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"lead","host":"zinc","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"zinc mines (Alaska)","quote":"Lead was produced domestically by five lead mines in Missouri plus as a byproduct at two zinc mines in Alaska and two silver mines in Idaho.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-lead.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Lead","note":"U.S. production only.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"lead","host":"silver","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"silver mines (Idaho)","quote":"Lead was produced domestically by five lead mines in Missouri plus as a byproduct at two zinc mines in Alaska and two silver mines in Idaho.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-lead.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Lead","note":"U.S. production only.","scope":"limited"},{"by":"tantalum","host":"tin","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"tin mining and metallurgy (tin slag)","quote":"some world demand for tantalum, and to a lesser extent, niobium, is met by production of these elements as byproducts of tin mining and metallurgy","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/m/pp1802m.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-M, Niobium and Tantalum","note":"USGS says it has not tried to measure resources within the tin sector; no share given."},{"by":"niobium","host":"tin","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"tin mining and metallurgy (tin slag)","quote":"some world demand for tantalum, and to a lesser extent, niobium, is met by production of these elements as byproducts of tin mining and metallurgy","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/m/pp1802m.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-M, Niobium and Tantalum","note":"Minor for niobium; USGS MCS 2026 says Brazil accounts for about 93% of global niobium production."},{"by":"helium","host":"natural-gas","role":"co-product","where":"natural gas fields (helium is produced alongside other gases)","quote":"Helium is a nonrenewable resource that is produced from the subsurface, typically in conjunction with other gases. These coproduced gases are either hydrocarbon rich, inert, or a mixture of the two.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5085/sir20215085.pdf","source_name":"USGS SIR 2021-5085 (helium)","note":"Some helium fields are helium-rich, so helium is not always a co-product of natural gas production."},{"by":"zirconium","host":"titanium","role":"by-product","where":"heavy-mineral sands (ilmenite and rutile mining)","quote":"zircon is primarily a byproduct of heavy-mineral sand mining for the titanium minerals ilmenite and rutile","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/v/pp1802v.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-V, Zirconium and Hafnium","note":"Applies to zircon. USGS MCS 2026 says U.S. zircon is recovered 'as a coproduct from the mining of heavy-mineral sands'. The site's titanium page stands in for titanium minerals."},{"by":"rare-earths","host":"titanium","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"monazite from beach-sand ilmenite and rutile mining (Brazil, India; small US output); most rare earths come from other deposits","quote":"The monazite is recovered as a byproduct during the extraction of ilmenite","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/o/pp1802o.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-O, Rare-Earth Elements","note":"Monazite only. USGS MCS 2026 says bastnaesite was mined as a primary product at Mountain Pass, CA. The site's titanium page stands in for titanium minerals."},{"by":"barite","host":"lead","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"lead mining (vein-type deposits, some operations)","quote":"In some mining operations, barite is a byproduct or coproduct of fluorite, lead, or zinc production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/d/pp1802d.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-D, Barite (Barium)","note":"'In some mining operations'; no share given."},{"by":"barite","host":"zinc","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"zinc mining (vein-type deposits, some operations)","quote":"In some mining operations, barite is a byproduct or coproduct of fluorite, lead, or zinc production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/d/pp1802d.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-D, Barite (Barium)","note":"'In some mining operations'; no share given."},{"by":"barite","host":"fluorspar","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"fluorite (fluorspar) mining (vein-type deposits, some operations)","quote":"In some mining operations, barite is a byproduct or coproduct of fluorite, lead, or zinc production.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/d/pp1802d.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-D, Barite (Barium)","note":"'In some mining operations'; fluorite is the mineral that makes up fluorspar. No share given."},{"by":"beryllium","host":"feldspar","role":"one-of-several-sources","where":"beryl, small-scale pegmatite mining (the main US source is bertrandite, not a by-product)","quote":"Beryl is typically mined from small-scale operations using minimal mining equipment, commonly as a byproduct of feldspar and mica mining.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/e/pp1802e.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-E, Beryllium","note":"Applies to beryl. USGS MCS 2026 says the Utah operation mined bertrandite ore as the main U.S. source."},{"by":"rare-earths","host":"iron-ore","role":"co-product","where":"Bayan Obo, China (mined together with iron ore)","quote":"The largest mining operation is Baotou Rare Earth's Bayan Obo Mine, which produces iron ore as well as bastnaesite and monazite as the main rare-earth minerals.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/o/pp1802o.pdf","source_name":"USGS PP 1802-O","note":"USGS does not use the word by-product here; it calls Bayan Obo the main current source of rare earths."},{"by":"rhenium","host":"uranium","role":"by-product","where":"roll-front sandstone uranium ore, Kazakhstan (minor)","quote":"Smaller amounts of rhenium are recovered from the processing of roll-front-type sandstone uranium ore in Kazakhstan","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/p/pp1802p.pdf","source_name":"USGS PP 1802-P","scope":"limited"}],"shares":[{"by":"tellurium","host":"copper","share_text":"More than 90% of tellurium from primary electrolytic copper refining (anode slimes)","quote":"More than 90% of tellurium has been produced from anode slimes as a byproduct of primary electrolytic copper refining","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tellurium.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Tellurium"},{"by":"tellurium","host":"copper","share_text":"At least 75% of the world's recovered tellurium as a by-product of copper mining (USGS PP 1802, 2017)","quote":"At least 75 percent of the world’s recovered tellurium is produced as a byproduct of copper mining","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/r/pp1802r.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-R, Tellurium","note":"A different USGS publication and a different basis (recovered tellurium) from the MCS 2026 figure above."},{"by":"gallium","host":"bauxite","share_text":"More than 80% of the world's refined gallium from bauxite deposits (USGS PP 1802, 2017)","quote":"More than 80 percent of the world’s refined gallium is obtained from bauxite deposits","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/h/pp1802h.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-H, Gallium"},{"by":"rhenium","host":"copper","share_text":"About 80% of mined rhenium from flue dust of roasting molybdenite concentrates from porphyry copper deposits (USGS PP 1802, 2017)","quote":"about 80 percent of the rhenium obtained through mining is recovered from the flue dust produced during the roasting of molybdenite concentrates from porphyry copper deposits","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/p/pp1802p.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-P, Rhenium"},{"by":"gold","host":"copper","share_text":"About 7% of US gold recovered as a by-product of base-metal ores, chiefly copper","quote":"About 7% of domestic gold was recovered as a byproduct of processing domestic base-metal ores, chiefly copper ores.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-gold.pdf","source_name":"USGS MCS 2026, Gold","note":"U.S. production only.","host_label":"base-metal ores, chiefly copper"},{"by":"vanadium","host":"crude-oil","share_text":"At least 10% of the world's vanadium supply from coal, crude oil and petroleum combined, not split between them (USGS PP 1802, 2017)","quote":"At least 10 percent of the world’s supply of vanadium comes from coal, crude oil, and petroleum","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/u/pp1802u.pdf","source_name":"USGS Professional Paper 1802-U, Vanadium","note":"USGS groups coal, crude oil and petroleum together, so the share is not split between the crude-oil and coal hosts.","host_label":"coal and oil combined"},{"by":"tantalum","host":"tin","share_text":"Historically 10% of global tantalum supply from tin slag (USGS PP 1802, 2017, citing a 2010 source; not a current split)","quote":"The global supply of tantalum historically has been 70 percent from concentrates, 10 percent from tin slag, and 20 percent from recycling and synthetic concentrates.","source":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/m/pp1802m.pdf"}]}